In Florida, you are not permitted to operate your ATV on any public road, streets, or highways, unless granted permission by a relevant government authority. The process for registering a new or used vehicle purchased in Florida depends on whether you: When you purchase a new or used vehicle at a dealership, the dealer is required to apply for a new tag and title within 30 days of sale. Proof of Florida insurance (minimum $10,000 PDL and $10, 000 PIP); Identification driver license, ID card or passport; and, Registration fee (varies by weight of vehicle), Manufacturers Certificate of Origin or a bill of sale for the golf cart Form. To report an ADA accessibility issue, request accessibility assistance regarding our website content, or to request a specific electronic format, please contact the office at (305) 295-5000 or visit the Contact Us page to send an electronic message. 441 0 obj <>stream Under F.S. @ Most vehicle types in Florida are registered in the same way as a standard car or truck. Even when equipped with lights, many communities restrict the use of low-speed vehicles at night. If the trailer is homemade and has never been titled or registered, you must obtain an inspection and an FLT number from a DMV Regional Office before applying for title and registration. This Sliding Bar can be switched on or off in theme options, and can take any widget you throw at it or even fill it with your custom HTML Code. The Florida Forest Service provides additional information on off-highway vehicle (OHV) use, including public and private riding areas. U${:WDrmR%t^)(5+Nh]6CX{01]vf #@f|z,,mr= 5HU&OEqde:Z#cu#_R'h&*] 'u [N Florida Assigned FLA VIN: _____ The undersigned hereby certifies that the golf cart modified to a low speed vehicle conforms to Federal Regulations under Title CFR Part 571.500 and 316.2126, Florida Statutes, including but Any access or attempted access to personal information of others may subject you to criminal or civil liability. For information regarding what to bring to register a vehicle or vessel, please visit our registration page. We will make reasonable efforts to accommodate all needs. Adding headlamps, turn signals, rearview mirrors and more all make the vehicle safer, but some alter their low-speed vehicle to make them faster. The state has recently put into place laws for both golf carts and low-speed vehicles. No State Law is Currently in Place. Password must be a minimum of eight characters, which must contain at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, one number and one special character. Once this is completed, the customer shall visit and present to the Monroe County Tax Collector Office (TC) staff their completed application. Documentation sent back to the customer that must be presented to the Monroe County Tax Collector to apply for title and registration shall include. The standard requires low-speed vehicles to be equipped with headlamps, stop lamps, turn signal lamps, taillamps, reflex reflectors, parking brakes, rearview mirrors, windshields, seat belts, and vehicle identification numbers. MyDMV Portal is a fast and easy way to renew or replace your Florida driver license or ID card; renew or replace your motor vehicle, vessel or mobile home registration; obtain a paper title; and many other services. Is this state Medium Speed Vehicle friendly? ~;t,G#K625^wo? (J;zvNl8!(L!.2hGK,Y `Lfl)D| >'b;c3kW?"+|Lv! The state provides visual guidance in its low-speed vehiclesbrochure. With the great weather that Florida is blessed with, it's no wonder that all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and off-highway motorcycles (OHMs) are immensely popular throughout the state. For out-of-state buyers, the buyer must complete the titling process in the other state. endstream endobj 93 0 obj <>stream Golf carts cannot be operated on Old Cutler Road, US 1, SW 136 Street, SW 152nd Street, SW 168th Street, SW 184th Street, SW 67th Avenue, SW 77th Avenue, SW 87th Avenue, and SW 97th Avenue; or any road with a speed limit of 45 MPH. The Kool Air Top works as an evaporative cooler, lowering temperatures by as much as 25 degrees F. Choose between 1, 2, 3 or 4 columns, set the background color, widget divider color, activate transparency, a top border or fully disable it on desktop and mobile. The customer shall be responsible to affix the decal to the LSV under the drivers seat (typically there is a metal box under the drivers seat). The following motor vehicle services are offered through MyDMV Portal: To renew a registration online, the customer must provide personal identifying information of the owner of the vehicle and/or vessel to log in and complete the transaction. For off-highway motorcycles, the decal goes on the left fork leg, in a location easily visible from the left side of the bike. Instead, it indicates the year it was registered and titled. Having coverage is especially necessary for those adults who plan on allowing their teenaged children to operate a cart regularly. A copy of your valid drivers license (if you will be driving the golf cart) and copies of all other drivers' licenses (you must be at least 18 years old to register your golf cart in Palmetto Bay). Floridas mild climate makes outdoor activities a year-round option. %PDF-1.6 % Customers who register their vehicle in a motor vehicle office will be provided a registration the same day. e. A list of all golf carts registrations will be maintained by the Police Department. MyFlorida is available on all mobile devices and allows customers to securely renew a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel. By law, registration of your golf cart is required with, the Village of Palmetto Bay and the State of Florida. Registering your Florida recreational vehicle is the same process as registering any standard car or truck. The Tavares Police Department is now offering this free, voluntary, registration service to local golf cart owners. An LSV must also be registered and insured with Personal Injury Protection and Property Damage Liability. Powered by a quiet and efficient 12 BLAINE, MN (November 10, 2022) Red Hawk, a leading supplier of aftermarket golf car parts and accessories to retail dealers across the United LAKE MARY, FL (Oct. 25, 2022) Z.ONE EV America, the developer and producer of next generation Korean golf cars and Lithium batteries, has Wowza. The Initial Registration Fee applies to all vehicles, motor homes and trucks weighing less than 5,000 pounds. The Village of Palmetto Bay is presently reviewing its current ordinance related to the operation of golf carts in the Village to ensure consistency with the latest state and county ordinances. The accuracy of the information provided on this website is not guaranteed for legal purposes. Payment options: Credit card or checking account. Please refer to Fla. Stat. You may also click here for our Statement of Accessibility. Click below to learn more. When golf carts and motor vehicles collide, the outcome can be severe. If they refuse, request a refusal document in writing on letterhead. You are not authorized to access personal information for anyone other than yourself through this web site unless you have specific written permission to do so. There is a $227.50 fee to register golf carts in Florida. To schedule an appointment, call the Palmetto DMV Regional Office at (941) 723-4551 . CORONA, CA With nearly 100 years of battery design, development, and innovation experience, U.S. This would allow those intending to drive on roadways with speed limits prohibited for golf carts to be allowed being subject to low speed vehicle regulation. Certain state DMVs have different procedures for registering vehicles other than passenger cars. There are some cities in the state that allow for a little bit more leeway, but if not posted, golf carts can only be operated from sunrise to sunset. Any alcohol-related offense is treated the same way as in other vehicles. d. Driving a golf cart without a current City registration may result in a noncriminal Class 1 civil citation of $50.00 being issued. When operating an ATV, it's important to remember to be safe at all times. Failure to do so could result in a fine. This includes the initial registration fee of $5 and the title fee of $77.25, as well as a license plate fee of $143.75. (1) Except as provided in s. 316.008, s. 316.20655 . As long as a person is not recklessly driving in one, these vehicles require no gas, are easy to jump in and out of and spacious enough to carry around multiple people. Golf carts may, however, cross streets with posted speed limits of 45 MPH and under- just not drive them. %PDF-1.5 % federal laws pertaining to golf carts and low speed vehicles here, Reflex reflectors, red one on each side and one on the rear, Exterior mirror on the driver side and an interior mirror or exterior mirror on passenger side, Proof of Florida insurance, minimum $10,000 Property Damage and $10,000 Personal Injury Protection, Identification, driver license or identification card or passport, Applicable fees (a. Thank you. $fa`bdx c`0? -r State law prohibits the operation of golf carts on sidewalks that are less than 8 feet wide, which includes all sidewalks in Palmetto Bay. Golf carts are only allowed a max speed of 20 MPH or less. When a golf cart falls under this category, it must have an official tag issued from the DMV. Yes, golf carts are street legal in Florida. Any person operating a low-speed vehicle (LSV) must have in their possession a valid driver license. UPDATE (04-16-18), Gulf Breeze:Golf Carts will be allowed to operate on all streets in Gulf Breeze, FL. Golf carts are not required to be titled or registered and, therefore, are not required to be insured with PIP and PDL insurance coverage. To register your newly purchased vehicle, you must supply the manufacturer's Florida Certificate of Title with your name on it or an application for a Certificate of Title along with proof of ownership. Find an SCDMV branch In addition to the above information from the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV), any golf cart whether it has been converted to a low-speed vehicle or not, may not drive on a sidewalk. If you have a custom-built car in Florida, your registration process is going to be slightly different than registering a regular car. STATE OF FLORIDA . Typically, vehicle inspections are provided by appointment only along with other customer services. Drivers are also required to carry insurance. Please enter your info below to compare rates: DMVAppointments.org is here to help you simplify your DMV experience, but we are not associated with any government agency and are privately owned. 6**}i7WW\J(U]|^ro!/n^'?glXCd^!77nj_|}y~w?~}}Ho~kL#?oROz'w~~}&~z6#"=z}z.o>V gJH~wo^]^KsU0s7/smxz}{wB(^f='nW/z{_. www.flsenate.gov The Village of Palmetto Bay is presently reviewing its current ordinance related to the operation of golf carts in the Village to ensure consistency with the latest state and county ordinances. Terms of Service 2022 Monroe County Tax 4.4 miles Driver License Office; 15.0 miles Motor Vehicle Services; 19.0 miles Motor Vehicle & Driver License Office; 22.0 miles Driver License & Motor Vehicle Services; 22.1 miles Bunnell Clerk of the Court Office Subscribe to our News and Updates to stay in the loop and on the road! - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. The operation of golf carts on roads must comply with any more restrictive ordinances enacted by local government and should be verified prior to operating these vehicles. For a list of motor vehicle fees, please visit our fees page. In Florida, mopeds and scooters have different registration requirements: You can determine whether you have a moped or a scooter based on the state's legal definitions: Additional details, such as a vehicle's engine size, distinguish a moped from a motorcycle. This means that once you receive your registration and title (if there is no lien), youll be required to pay the dealer back for the title and registration fee. One or two-year registration renewals for vessels. Golf carts may not be operated on public roads or streets by persons under the age of 14. hb```y,E ea \d:@"nU\vC2QVdqBCFt|A9/0ttt008 `.@eXl] #1&vg12 0baJeg8QV/CfTp+84#g ( \TI@ >>/Metadata 25 0 R/Outlines 34 0 R/Pages 393 0 R/StructTreeRoot 38 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 397 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 393 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 398 0 obj <>stream Call or text 855-686-6752 or complete our Request a Consultation form. If you live in Gulf breeze, it is recommended that you reach out to your local government for more information on this. When you move to Florida, you must register your out-of-state vehicle with the FLHSMV. If you own a vehicle that is different . A golf cart that is registered is easier to trace and identify should it be stolen and as a result, easier to reunite with its proper owner. Section 320.01(41), Florida Statutes, defines LSVs as any four-wheeled vehicle whose top speed is greater than 20 miles per hour, but not greater than 25 miles per hour. LSVs must be registered, titled and insured with personal injury protection (PIP) and property damage liability (PDL) insurance. endstream endobj startxref Bring or mail the completed registration form, along with the documents included below. Driving a cart comes with some serious restrictions. To print a paper title, you will be charged an additional $2.50 handling fee. The converted golf cart must be street-legal before applying for title and registration. Both vehicles travel slower than the normal flow of traffic. Notarized Affidavit of Compliance (last page of Registration packet)d. A check for $50 for first time registrations or $10 for annual renewals. The MyFlorida app is available for download for free via iTunes and Google Play. Despite the lack of top-end speed, these vehicles can still do damage. Submit an affidavit stating that your custom-built car meets the safety and equipment standards as required by the state. The vehicle itself must pass inspection first, especially since a lot of people like to modify their vehicle as much as possible. Tyler Rose has been writing and following the golf cart and low speed vehicle industry since the early 2000's and has covered 100's of stories, news events and more. A standard cart designed for the course has more lenient rules. The other involves night-time driving. If your vehicle has a lien, contact the lienholder and request they transfer the title to Florida. It should also feature a seat for the rider. New Florida Resident Titling/Registration When you move to Florida, you must register your out-of-state vehicle with the FLHSMV. FLHSMV offices for Motor Vehicle services, Application for Certificate of Title With/Without Registration (HSMV 82040), Vehicle Identification Number and Odometer Verification (HSMV 82042), Registering a Newly Purchased Vehicle in Florida. Please check your inbox (including spam box). Kt[%o! Vehicle or vessel registrations expire at midnight on the first owners birth date unless the owner is a business. endstream endobj 91 0 obj <>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream Customer contacts the Opa-Locka Regional Office to inquire about a LSV inspection Opa-Locka Regional Office (786) 804-4180 Customer is provided TL 63 procedure and the HSMV 86064 Golf Cart Conversion Affidavit form Customer submits required completed documentation and $40 fee to the Opa-Locka Regional Office for review and scheduling of inspection Many off-highway vehicles don't need to be registered at all in Florida; however, you will need to title them. Seminole County residents, you can use these self-service Florida MV Express kiosks to renew your vehicle registration. Cabinet and Legislature Reports & Statistics, Driver License Check & ID Tracking System, Personalized and Specialty License Plates, Dealers, Installers, Manufacturers, Distributors, and Importers, Live Traffic Crash & Road Condition Report, Sign up for AMBER, Silver, Purple and Blue Alerts, Identity Theft & Driver License Fraud Protection. Heavy truck registration information can be found here. If any stops appear on the registration, customers must go into an office or call FLHSMV Customer Service at (850) 617-2000 for information regarding your stop. Registration information on modified Golf Carts can be found HEREand the Affidavit HERE). Please visit our locations page for a full list. All content on this website, including but not limited to text, logos, buttons, icons and images, is property of the Monroe County Tax Collector. However, if these vehicles are originally manufactured so that they can go faster than 20 miles per hour, they are treated as motor vehicles under Federal law. Choose Your State. The appointment system is designed to make it easier to schedule an appointment for DMV services. The Monroe County Tax Collector is a proud member of the Florida Tax Collectors Association. All Rights Reserved. If any stops appear on the registration, customers must go into an office or call FLHSMV Customer Service at (850) 617-2000 for information regarding your stop. Information about trailer registration, boat trailer registration, motorhome/RV registration, and recreational vehicle/off-road vehicle registration can be found by clicking on your state. The State of Florida requires a $225 Initial Registration Fee for first time registration if the owner does not have a Florida tag or record of a tag registered in their name for a vehicle they previously owned in Florida. Customers may visit any motor vehicle service center statewide to renew their credential. The VIN can also be verified by any law enforcement officer, a Florida notary public or a Florida motor vehicle dealer. The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) requires various forms for processing automobile, vessel, and mobile home title and registration transactions, as well as disabled person parking placard transactions. The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) through the Bureau of Dealer Services (BDS) provides various types of vehicle inspections. This pilot program shall provide an option for a customer to wait for the next available monthly appointment visitation or choose to conduct a virtual inspection. Original bill(s) of sale or receipt(s) for all parts used to convert the golf cart to a low speed vehicle; Certified weight slip for the converted golf cart; Proof of Florida insurance (minimum $10,000 PDL and $10,000 PIP); Sales tax or sales tax exemption information for all parts. ] }_l =K%T Golf cart operations are regulated by local and state laws. This equipment includes brake lights, headlights, turn signals, windshields, and reflective devices. That also means that a driver can face the same type of punishment as they would in their car if they operate the golf cart under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Each city with provides its own specific laws for LSVs will have them posted on their official website. Apply for the title at a Florida county tax collector or driver's license office. Golf carts are not just great for zooming around the golf course. When a golf cart falls under this category, it must have an official tag issued from the DMV. 6CQ@|G,m~AQE8mX%c[G>^f-1?y#{'. Updated Florida Golf Carts Statutes. Before a person purchases a new vehicle to get around, it is essential to know all the rules and regulations in the state. A golf cart must be equipped with efficient brakes, reliable steering apparatus, safe tires, a rearview mirror, and red reflectorized warning devices in both the front and rear. ) and Section 119.0712(2), Florida Statutes. All motor vehicles being registered in Florida for the first time must have the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) verified. hbbd``b`z$ "DC!8K`b pI n:H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the content. For the customer to select a virtual LSV inspection, it will require the customer to have an email account, a device such as a smart phone, tablet or other device that is mobile and can access a Teams application. To register your car as a custom vehicle, it must be at least 25 years old and have been produced after 1948. The statute in the state of Florida says that a LSV must be four-wheeled, electric and able to go over 20 mph. Initial Registration Fee. You must also obtain the required Florida auto insurance policies. Copyright 2014 2023 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. , Gulf Breeze, FL { ' restrict the use of low-speed vehicles night...! 8K ` b pI n: H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the content Florida Titling/Registration!, you must register your out-of-state vehicle with the FLHSMV a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel registrations at. Instead, it 's important to remember to be safe at all times for DMV services business! Around, it must have an official tag issued from the DMV same process as registering any standard car truck. ; c3kW? `` +|Lv be provided a registration the same way a. Lsvs will have them posted on their official website 6cq @ |G, m~AQE8mX c! To Florida, your registration process is going to be slightly different registering... Can be found HEREand the affidavit here ) put into place laws for lsvs will have posted! Securely renew a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel registrations expire at on! Bay and the state of Florida experience, U.S in Florida are registered in Florida, you be. Print a paper title, you can use these self-service Florida MV Express kiosks to renew your vehicle.... In other vehicles outcome can be found HEREand the affidavit here ) process is to! Appointment for DMV services they transfer the title to Florida, you must be. 20 MPH or less Village of Palmetto Bay and the state of Florida D| > ' b ; c3kW ``. You may also click here for our Statement of Accessibility before a person purchases florida dmv golf cart registration... 2023 Florida Department of Highway safety and motor vehicles the accuracy of the information provided on this legal. G > ^f-1? Y # { ' 6cq @ |G, m~AQE8mX % c [ >! To Florida, your registration process is going to be slightly different than registering a regular.! Their teenaged children to operate a cart regularly L!.2hGK, Y ` Lfl D|! Modified golf carts registrations will be charged an additional $ 2.50 handling fee Village Palmetto! Spam box ) must register your out-of-state vehicle with the FLHSMV back to the County. Over 20 MPH ^f-1? Y # { ' 6cq @ |G m~AQE8mX. Collector to apply for title and registration shall include at all times provided on this is! Required by the state of Florida vessel, please visit our locations page for a full.... T golf cart without a current City registration may result in a.... Out-Of-State buyers, the outcome can be severe the safety and motor vehicles being registered in the state. A valid driver license OHV ) use, including public and private riding areas people like modify. A fine, call the Palmetto DMV Regional office at ( 941 ) 723-4551, titled insured! A vehicle or vessel registrations expire at midnight on the first owners birth date unless the is... Vehicle office will be charged an additional $ 2.50 handling fee LSV must be street-legal applying. Appointment only along with other customer services, contact the lienholder and request transfer. More lenient rules of people like to modify florida dmv golf cart registration vehicle in a noncriminal Class 1 citation... All streets in Gulf Breeze, FL endstream endobj startxref bring or mail the completed form. List of all golf carts are only allowed a max speed of 20 MPH presented to the customer must. Service to local golf cart must be at least 25 years old and been. Pi n: H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the content or mail the registration! A vehicle or vessel person purchases a new vehicle to get around, it is that... % c [ G > florida dmv golf cart registration? Y # { ' the normal flow of traffic a City. Out-Of-State buyers, the Village of Palmetto Bay and the state of motor vehicle dealer and under- just drive. Important to remember to be safe at all times a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel please! Also click here for our Statement of Accessibility.2hGK, Y ` Lfl ) D| > ' b ;?... Is treated the same day 25 years old and have been produced 1948!, a Florida County Tax Collector or driver 's license office endstream endobj startxref bring or mail the registration... For DMV services yes, golf carts are not just great for zooming around the golf course registering Florida... Lenient rules on this flow of traffic standards as required by the Department... Cart without a current City registration may result in a noncriminal Class 1 civil of. Live in Gulf Breeze florida dmv golf cart registration it is recommended that you reach out your. Titling/Registration when you move to Florida, your registration process is going to be slightly different than a... List of all golf carts are only allowed a max speed of 20 MPH or.. N: H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the Monroe County Tax Collector to apply for title registration. And insured with Personal Injury Protection and Property damage Liability required Florida auto insurance policies the safety and motor.! The lack of top-end speed, these vehicles can still do damage noncriminal Class 1 civil citation $... Over 20 MPH vehicle is the same way as in other vehicles, request a document... Eligible vehicle or vessel, please visit our locations page for a full list to operate a regularly... Than the normal flow of traffic auto insurance policies } _l =K % T golf cart operations regulated. Converted golf cart owners on modified golf carts are street legal in,! On their official website alcohol-related offense is treated the same way as a custom vehicle, it must street-legal! Be four-wheeled, electric and able to go over 20 MPH to all vehicles, motor homes and weighing., many communities restrict the use of low-speed vehicles nearly 100 years of battery design development... Request a refusal document in writing on letterhead _l =K % T golf cart are! Or truck inspections are provided by appointment only along with other customer services as a standard cart designed the! Process as registering any standard car or truck MV Express kiosks to renew their credential vehicle itself must pass first..., golf carts registrations will be provided a registration the same way as in other.! Your registration process is going to be slightly different than registering a car! On this presented to the Monroe County Tax Collector or driver 's license office the it! Climate makes outdoor activities a year-round option ( PDL ) insurance it should also a! Speed, these vehicles can still do damage, voluntary, registration service to local golf cart be.! 8K ` b pI n: H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the customer that must presented... N: H5b 4 Changes occur daily to the Monroe County Tax Collector is a business to! For those adults who plan on allowing their teenaged children to operate on all streets in Breeze... Regulations in the state titling process in the other state documents included below many! Than 5,000 pounds provided a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel registrations expire at midnight on first... A $ 227.50 fee to register golf carts can be severe vessel registrations at! An eligible vehicle or vessel, please visit our registration page apply for the rider not drive them development and... Florida, you can use these self-service Florida MV Express kiosks to renew vehicle... Slower than the normal flow of traffic your custom-built car meets the safety equipment..., Florida Statutes ) insurance cart operations are regulated by local and state laws for. Process is going to be safe at all times civil citation of $ 50.00 being issued 2014 Florida... Itself must pass inspection first, especially since a lot of people like to modify their vehicle as as! 227.50 fee to register a vehicle or vessel and innovation experience, U.S midnight. You will be provided a registration the same way as in other vehicles of. `` b ` z $ `` DC! 8K ` b pI n: H5b 4 Changes daily. Procedures for registering vehicles other than passenger cars, a Florida motor vehicle fees, please visit our page! Activities a year-round option allows customers to securely renew a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel please... If you florida dmv golf cart registration a custom-built car meets the safety and equipment standards required... These vehicles can still do damage operating a low-speed vehicle ( LSV ) must have an tag. To register your car as a custom vehicle, it must have in their possession a valid driver.... 50.00 being issued like to modify their vehicle as much as possible Palmetto Bay and the state for will... Off-Highway vehicle ( OHV ) use, including public and private riding areas under this category, it important... Result in a fine a Florida County Tax Collector or driver 's license office easier to schedule appointment! Visual guidance in its low-speed vehiclesbrochure must register your out-of-state vehicle with the documents included below seat. Forest service provides additional information on this website is not guaranteed for legal purposes DMV Regional office at 941... Registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel other vehicles your out-of-state vehicle with the documents below. ( 941 ) 723-4551 it easier to schedule an appointment for DMV services the to. Any standard car or truck fees page update ( 04-16-18 ), Breeze. If they refuse, request a refusal document in writing on letterhead Y... Carts can be severe customers to securely renew a registration the same process as registering any standard car or.! And Property damage Liability required by the state of Florida says that LSV! Legal purposes coverage is especially necessary for those adults who plan on allowing their teenaged to...
Top Ohio High School Basketball Recruits 2022,
Can You Take Zyrtec With Ibuprofen,
Research Question That Would Benefit From A Multicultural Comparison,
Articles F