The outcome of this shift both in population and in religion was that the Kashmir Valley became a predominantly Muslim region. They have now become refugees in their own country. immediately after Independence in 1947. This is a difficult question. Its like asking if Tamilnadu belongs to Tamilians or India Lets in fact take the Case of Tamil Nadu Tamil nadu is a s In 2011 as per government estimates, about 2,700 to 3,400 Pandits were in the Valley. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. In addition, there are hundreds of families living in government tenements in Purkhoo on the outskirts of Jammu, in Nagrota and in Muthi. Sheth, the former director of the Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), lists Indian communities that constituted the middle class and were traditionally "Urban and professional" (following professions like doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, etc.) As many as 36,289 (till December 30, 2003) lives have been lost. Ministers have tweeted that it is based on true stories of Kashmiri Pandits. Kashmir has also been a land of Sun worship with shrines such as Martand Sun Temple established by Lalitaditya Muktapida. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. As the numbers arriving in Jammu increased from thousands to tens of thousands over the first few months of 1990, a mostly middle-class community found itself living in tents in squalid, filthy camps far removed from the homes they had left behind. Even so, small numbers remain. Speeches were made extolling Pakistan and the supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism. This gentleman in Kashmir is giving Burnol moments to Shehla Rashid, Rana Ayub & their ilk by posting daily irrefutable video proofs from Srinagar. Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times. Defense, China Asia, Pacific In exchange for Rubaiya, five JKLF associates were freed from jails. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. Track Latest News Live on NDTV.com and get news updates from India and around the world. WebThe Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. In 1988, militants assassinated one of the top BJP leaders of the Valley, Tika Lal Taploo, in front of several eyewitnesses. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. A BJP-supported Janata Dal government was at the Centre at the time of the exodus in 1990. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. PTI Vivek Agnihotris The Kashmir Files, a movie that delves into the 1990 exodus of lakhs of Unfortunately, no such appeal came, only an announcement that to ensure the security of Pandits, refugee camps were being set up in every district of the Valley, and Pandits who felt threatened could move to these camps rather than leave the Valley. Those Pandits in service who felt threatened were free to leave their stations; they would continue to be paid salary. However, Kashmiri political parties and separatist organisations as well as Pandit groups have come out in strong opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. 1,168-crore package in 2008 by the UPA government. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. The deadly attack on security forces in Indian Kashmir has Kashmiris in the rest of India afraid for their safety. With tensions peaking, hundreds of Pandit families began their journey out of the Valley. Successive governments in New Delhi and Srinagar have attempted to draw displaced Pandits back to the Valley. The debate over the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited after the release of 'Kashmir Files'. Sheikh Abdullah had died in 1982, and the leadership of the National Conference passed on to his son Farooq Abdullah, who won the 1983 election. It is 30 years since the exodus from the Valley of its minority Hindu Kashmiri Pandit community. [16][17] Mohibbul Hasan describes this collapse as .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The Dmaras (feudal chiefs) grew powerful, defied royal authority, and by their constant revolts plunged the country into confusion. They have announced resettlement packages promising financial support and jobs for those who returned. "Kashmiri Pandits responsible for duress against Muslims should leave the Valley within two days," read a headline of a local Urdu newspaper, Al-Safa, on 14 April 1990. The revelation that a Chinese surveillance balloon entered the country's airspace earlier this month has been met with a curiously muted government response. As chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhanwatched the film with his cabinet colleagues and the state BJPtop brass at a drive-in theatre in the state capital on Wednesday, Digvijaya tweeted, The exodus of Kashmiri Pandits occurred when Congress was in Opposition. And the Prime Minister has said that the truth is coming out. [42] The local organisation of pandits in Kashmir, Kashmir Pandit Sangharsh Samiti after carrying out a survey in 2008 and 2009, said that 399 Kashmiri Pandits were killed by insurgents from 1990 to 2011 with 75% of them being killed during the first year of the Kashmiri insurgency. 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On August 5, 2019, when the government did away with special status to J&K, among the loudest to cheer were Kashmiri Pandits, who saw it as a long pending revenge for what had happened to them three decades ago. On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri The fleeing Pandits did not think they would never return to the Valley. However, respect for the Pandits (many of whom were teachers) and a shared Kashmiri identity that held Pandits and Muslims together prevented differences from erupting into conflict. It marked a shift in the motivations behind the militancy in Kashmir hitherto driven primarily be a separatist sentiment, it now took a more communal colour and moved towards jihad. Importantly, Jammu and Kashmirs status has changed. [34] Many of the refugee Kashmiri Pandits have been living in abject conditions in refugee camps of Jammu. In a door-to-door mission, Hindu homes were attacked, families killed, and many women raped by militants. Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust day by the Kashmiri Pandit community. Kashmiri Pandits are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute [67][failed verification] The shrine is located in Tullamulla village, 24km from Srinagar in Ganderbal district. [56], Following the 1989 insurgency, a great majority of Pandits felt threatened and left the Kashmir Valley for other parts of India. WebThe Exodus It was 19 th of January, 1990 and days were cold and nights bitter, though there was no snow on the ground. Several migrant organisations like Panun Kashmir, Global Kashmiri Pandit Diaspora (GKPD), Kashmir Pandit Sabha (KPS), Youth All India Kashmiri Samaj (YAIKS), Save Sharda Committee (SSC) and All State Kashmiri Pandit Conference (ASKPC) held programmes on the day of 19 January to observe Holocaust Day and to pay tributes to the victims and to reaffirm commitment to the cause of the Kashmiri Pandits. [36][37], Some Hindus across India tried to help the Pandits. Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. Sun hid behind the clouds and the darkness found its way throughout the daylight. But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and Many fell into disrepair. Kashmiri Pandits or Kashmiri Brahmins are Hindus. He announced that if they chose to stay back, he would not be able to guarantee their safety. What do we know about him? In Anantnag, the constituency of then Congress leader Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, there was a series of attacks on Hindu temples, and shops and properties of Kashmiri Pandits, blamed on separatist and secessionists. (Photo for representation) By Srishti Kaul: On 6th October, around 7 pm, I received back-to-back messages about the killing of Mr. Bindroo in Srinagar. What is a whip in a state Assembly or Parliament? [9][60] "Ralive-Tsalive-Ya Galive" is a famous rallying call from the time, translating to "convert-leave Kashmir-or perish.". WebThe day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal Neel Kanth Ganjoo, a retired judge who had sentenced Maqbool Bhat to death, was shot dead outside the J&K High Court in Srinagar on November 4. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. Islamist militants began targeting Kashmiri Hindus - upper-caste Pandits - who were a minority group, in the 1990s. In his address to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, Yoon Suk-yeol said Japan has transformed into a partner sharing common values. PM Rajiv Gandhis tenure ended on 2nd December 1989. Jammu and Kashmir being the only Muslim majority state in whole of India, the protection of minorities and their living peacefully, in their homeland, is crucial for India to remain as a Secular Democratic State. The communal violence of April 2022 was more the norm than the exception in the city of Khambhat. On January 21, the CRPF gunned down 160 Kashmiri Muslim protesters at the Gawkadal Bridge, which has come to be known as the worst massacre in the long history of the conflict in Kashmir. "At that time, Rath Yatra of Lal Krishna Advani ji began and (Narendra) Modi ji, our (current) Prime Minister, became event manger of this yatra," he charged. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. 20 per cent of them left the valley as a consequence of the 1950 land reforms,[27] and by 1981 the Pandit population amounted to 5 per cent of the total. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. Rubaiya was the daughter of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, then the Home minister of India in the Janata Dal government led by V. P. Singh. The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. India is a peaceful country to the extent that its dear neighbor Pakistan works on the premise that whatever madness they do india will politely as Manish Sisodia Delhi excise policy case: how the right against self-incri What was the UN event representatives of Nithyanandas Kailasa attended? openlibrary.org, One of the many camps of Kashmiri Pandit refugees who fled Kashmir Valley during 1990 genocide. V. P. Singh appointed Jagmohan as Governor on 19 January 1990. Several moved to other cities in India and abroad, where they have done well professionally. Kashmiri Muslims disagree. By then, the Pandits had begun to be targeted. It was not until the fourteenth century that Muslim rule was finally established in the Valley and when this happened it did not occur primarily as a consequence of invasion so much as because of internal problems resulting from the weak rule and corruption endemic in the Hindu Lohara dynasty. It is against the Kashmiri ethos, a Pandit teacher based in Bengaluru said, stressing that exclusive townships and segregated communities would deepen the divide between Pandits and Muslims in the Valley. The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that he encouraged the Pandits to leave the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. The day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal indigenous people that represented a civilisation that was more than 5,000 years old. [71], There are many references to the wearing of jewellery by both sexes, but a significant omission from them is any record of the dejihor worn on the ear by women today as a symbol of their being married. The published threat, however, came nearly three months after one of the darkest nights in Jammu and Kashmir 19 January 1990 observed as the Exodus Day by the Kashmiri Hindu community. An important issue of concern is security. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. In mosques and mass rallies, people shouted inflammatory and anti-Pandit slogans. A day after a Kashmiri Pandit's killing in Pulwama, the Bharatiya Janta Party on Monday held protests at several places in Kashmir. Governor Jagmohan is criticised for not guaranteeing the safety of Kashmiri Pandits fleeing the Valley and for not stopping them with assurance of security. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. Today, Tickoo says there are fewer than 3,400 Pandits in Kashmir. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. The Hizbul Mujahideen put up posters ordering all Hindus to leave the Valley and lists with names of Pandits to be eliminated were circulated, Dhar recalled. At that time, Mr Chowdhury said, the then Congress president and Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had raised his voice against the exodus of people from Kashmir, and asked the then government to stop it "anyhow", warning that people of the country would not accept it. The flight continued until 2000. In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time.. Kashmiri is closely related to Poguli and Kishtwari, which are spoken in the As the Kashmiri Pandits are enduring an uncertain and troubled time, let us take a look at their history and other important details. Twenty of Pakistans poorest districts have been chosen for implementation of the Ministry of Plannings development plan for 2022-2027. The migrants included some Pandits, although it is possible that some of this community relocated for economic reasons as much as to escape the new rulers. WebIt clearly says that the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits started in late 1989. Click here to subscribe for full access. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. Anti-India sentiment has undergone changes not just in its intensity but the way it is articulated. Because the truth is worth it.). [43][44], The exiled community had hoped to return after the situation improved. She write read more, Copyright 2023 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Why Haryana sarpanches are protesting against e-tenders for infra works, Rupert Murdoch testifies Fox anchors endorsed claims of Biden stealing 2020 polls: What he said, significance. He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. The Kashmiri Pandit community decided to leave. [61] Scholar Alexander Evans estimates by 1990, there would have been 160,000170,000 Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. In the lead-up to the events of 1990, Kashmir was in ferment. Major media outlets have that the kidnapping was a fake one as the kidnapping took place just after 5 days Sayeed took the office. [10], According to Indian government, more than 60,000 families are registered as Kashmiri migrants including some Sikh and Muslim families. Advertisement. They couldnt. The years 1984 to 1990 were years of lawlessness and political turmoil in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, particularly in the Kashmi Some 800 families have remained in the Valley through these three decades. Most Popular. WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. Report, Trans-Pacific On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting Sun worship is believed to have been brought into Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran. At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. They have not done so because the situation in the Valley remains unstable and they fear a risk to their lives. In 1986, after the Rajiv Gandhi government opened the Babri Masjid locks to enable Hindus to offer prayers there, ripples were felt in Kashmir too. Enjoying this article? WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. Leaders of Jammu and Kashmir knew earlier what was going to happen within few weeks. He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors. [22], Butshikan's heir, the devout Muslim Zain-ul-Abidin (142374), was tolerant of Hindus to the extent of sanctioning a return to Hinduism of those who had been forcibly converted to the Muslim faith, as well as becoming involved in the restoration of temples. [47], There are zones set up with offices for relief. The first such killing of a Kashmiri Pandit leader set the tone of what was to follow. It has been a long time since somebody has edited this article and is pending for moderation. On May 12, a gunman walked into a government office in central Kashmirs Chadoora town. Many scholars and media houses have compared the genocide with that of Holocaust. A powerful anti-India militancy rattled the Indian state. Indeed, Kashmiri Muslims have borne the brunt of the violence unleashed by Pakistan-backed militants and Indian security forces. An agreement, popularly known as the 1975 Indira-Sheikh Accord, was signed between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. The other contentious question about the exodus is the role played by the administration, and more specifically that of the J&K Governor, Jagmohan. Successive governments have promised that they will help this process, but the situation on the ground in Kashmir has meant this remains only an intention. A township of two-room tenements called Jagti was built in Jammu in the last decade to house 4,000-5,000 Pandit families who remained there. WebBoth BJP and Congress enjoyed the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits because 1) they never cared about people 2) it was actually helping them to secure their vote bank. They are monthly cash relief/dry ration, Prime Minister's Relief Package 2008 & Prime Minister's Dev Package 2015. In February 1990 the month after the exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits, Amanullah Khan told an interviewer, Yes, it was [a long-term plan]it had to be well Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? Armed militants, dressed in army fatigues, infiltrated a colony of Kashmiri Pandits in Pulwama's Nadimarg on 23 March 2003. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. There is an acute realisation in the community that the Valley is no longer the same that they left behind in 1990. On that day, mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed. Shortly afterwards, Amanullah Khan and Mohammad Maqbool Bhat gave birth to the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1977, whose goal was to work towards the 'liberation' of Kashmir from India and Pakistan. During the period of [ref][ref][ref] Events were also held at Jagti and Muthi migrant camps. That changed in 1989-90. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during This led to huge disaffection and political instability. Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan More than 400,000 Kashmiri Pandits[ref], constituting 99% of the total population of Hindus living in Muslim majority area of the Kashmir Valley, were forcibly pushed out of the Valley by Muslim terrorists, trained in Pakistan, since the end of 1989 and forced to live the life of exiles in their own country, by unleashing a systematic campaign of terror, murder, loot and arson. Politician Mirwaiz Farooq of the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee was shot dead by a militant of the Hizbul Mujahideen in 1990. [17], The Brahmins had something to be particularly unhappy about during the reign of the last Lohara king, for Shadeva chose to include them in his system of onerous taxation, whereas previously they appear to have been exempted. After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. WebMaybe. I've heard cases. Kashmiri Hindus find themselves reliving the fear of the early 1990s amid a wave of targeted killings, but the government is keen to prevent another exodus. Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. The security situation along the India-Pakistan border remains of great concern. The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Saturday said it was not the then chief minister Farooq Abdullah, but the then prime minister VP Singh and his home minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, that were responsible for the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley. Enjoy an ad lite experience on TOI+. 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? Habibullah wrote he also appealed to Jagmohan that he telecast an appeal to Pandits that they stay in Kashmir, assuring their safety on the basis of the assurance of the Anantnag residents. That night, the politically-disturbed Valley reverberated with war cries, communal calls, and threats to Pandits. While they were left unharmed for the most part, terror groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba massacred Pandits at Sangrampora (1997), Wandhama (1998), and Nandimarg (2003). The Pakistani military and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) are said to have provided weapons, training, and logistical support to the JKLF. On January 19, Kashmiri Pandits across the world observed Holocaust Day. It was on that day 30 years ago that the Pandit exodus from the Kashmir Valley began. Much has changed in Jammu and Kashmir. Asia, South It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. Their numbers would swell in the following months. Please take some time to moderate it now! Southeast They were assured that once the massacre in Kashmir was completed and the movement (for self-determination) curbed, they would be sent back to Twenty-four Hindus, including two children, were lined up outside their houses and shot dead by terrorists who belonged to the outfit, Lashkar-e-Taiba.
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