We utilize security vendors that protect and The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. 8. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. /Filter /DCTDecode It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. 6. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Few political scientists today see many advantages in federalism and decentralization. /Subtype /Image This seemed to be the default option given its heterogeneous nature. Federalism can create uncertainty. Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Too many elected representatives with overlapping roles may also lead to corruption. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? federalism. Advantages: The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. Importance of federalism. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary Increasing Citizen Participation - By not centralizing all power into the hands of a Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Advantages of Federalism Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. IvyPanda. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. This process can create positive or negative results. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Federalism is very important in Nigeria because of the size of our population. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. In 1788, Fisher Ames of Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the national government. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Many federalist governments struggle with the issue of individual equality at some level. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. IvyPanda. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . 4. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. They can formulate policies which might be detrimental to other regions. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. %PDF-1.5 The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. What are the five advantages of federalism? 1. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Many women only make 80% for doing the same job that men do when they look at their salary. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. The local governments can decide to fight the existence of some specific national laws by going through the justice system of the country. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Because each community can create their own set of laws and rules in a system of federalism (especially in the United States), then the structure can create unwanted competition for resources that seeks to limit some demographics. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. What are strengths and weaknesses of federalism? It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. These include: 1. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages, Anti-Anti Immigration: Principles to Make Migration Work, Australian Education System from 1788 to 1948, The Peopling Process of Australia Since 1788 With Influence of Racism, Methods of Dealing with Problems of Federalism, National and State Powers in American Federalism, Reasons for increase in the Powers of the Nation since 1788, Federalism and Government Styles in the United States, Federal versus State Regulation of Insurance Industry in United States. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. 4. No Payment is Required! When we have a chance to embrace diversity as a culture, then it is an opportunity to draw upon each of our strengths to create something amazing. What is federalism? This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. 1. Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. 5. The federal system initially was set up to serve the 13 original colonies and was able to maintain their own powers given by the powers vested in each colonies individual constitutions. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Federalism in India. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. For example, pollution from a province which is promoting industrialization in a big way can affect another region which depends solely on agriculture and cause crop damage. The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. This is where the regional government steps in. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Your email address will not be published. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Look at their salary is believed that the sovereign unit ( Centre and... Interstate businesses and trade with the particular sharing formula adopted ) and local units time got! Disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this browser for the time. Increase the powers of the country the highly established units which can usually be absent it was partially for! 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